Marshall Stability Test as per ASTM D 1559 & IRC 111
OBJECTIVES
To determine the strength (Marshall Stability Value) and flexibility (flow value) for the given bitumen mixture.
To determine the density-voids analysis for the given bituminous mixture;
To determine the suitability of bituminous mixture to meet the specified criteria for the surface course.
INTRODUCTION
Bruce Marshall, formerly bituminous engineer with Mississippi State Highway Department, USA formulated Marshall Method for designing bituminous mixes.
This test is done to determine the Marshall stability of bituminous mixture. The principle of this test is that Marshall Stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface at 5 cm per minute. It is the load carrying capacity of the mix at 60 degree and is measured in kg.
The sample needed is From Marshall stability graph, select proportions of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler in such a way, so as to fulfill the required specification. The total weight of the mix should be 1200 gm for one specimen.
CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE
The test procedure is used in designing and evaluating bituminous paving mixes and is widely applied in routine test programmes for the paving jobs. The major features of the Marshall Method of designing mixes are to determine the two important properties ofstrength and flexibility.
Strength is measured in terms of the “Marshall’s Stability” of the mix which is defined as the maximum load carried by a compacted specimen at a standard test temperature of 60 degree. This temperature represents the weakest condition for a bituminous pavement in use.
The flexibility is measured in terms of the “Flow Value” which is measured by the change in diameter of the sample in the direction of lad application between the start of loading and the time of maximum load. In this test an attempt is made to obtainoptimum binder content for the aggregate mix type and traffic intensity.
EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS
The apparatus for the Marshall Stability test consists of the following:
Specimen Mould Assembly comprising mould cylinders 10 cm diameter x 7.5 cm height, base plate and extension collars. They are designed to be interchanged with either end of cylindrical mould. Three mould cylinders are recommended.
Specimen extractor for extracting the compacted specimen from the mould. A suitable bar is required to transfer load from the extension collar to the upper proving ring attachment while extracting the specimen
Compaction Rammers having a flat circular tamping face 4.5kg sliding weight constructed to provide a free fall of 45.7cm. Two compaction rammers are recommended.
Compaction pedestal consisting of a 20 x 20 x 45 cm wooden block capped with a 30
30 x 2.5 cm MS plate to hold the mould assembly in position during compaction. Mould holder is provided consisting of spring tension device designed to hold compaction mould in place on the compaction pedestal.
Breaking head. The Breaking head consist of upper and lower cylindrical segments or test heads having an inside radius curvature of 5 cm. The lower segment is mounted on a base having two perpendicular guide rods which facilitate insertion in the holes of upper test segments. assembly with provision to fix flow meter
Loading Machine motorized, loading machine is provided with a gear system to lift the upward direction. Recalibrated proving ring of 5 tone capacity is fixed on the upper end of the machine, specimen contained in the test head is placed in between the base and the proving ring. The loading jack produces uniform vertical movement of 5 cm/ min. Machine is capable of reversing its movement downward also. This facilitates adequate space for placing test head system. After one specimen has been tested.
Flow Meter. The flow meter consists of guide sieve and a gauge. The activating pin of the gauge slides inside the guide sleeve with a slide amount f fractional resistance. Least count of 0.025mm is adequate. The flow value refer top the total vertical upward movement form the initial position at zero load to value at maximum load. The dial; gauge at the flow meter should be able to measure accurately the total vertical movement upward.
In addition to the above the following general equipments are also required
Oven or hot plates Mixing Apparatus
Water Bath
Thermometer of range up to 2000C with sensitively of 2.5 degree Celsius
Miscellaneous Equipment's are like container, mixing and handling tools etc.
PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
The coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and the filler materials should be proportioned so as to fulfill the requirements of the relevant standards. The required quantity of the mix is taken so as to produce compacted bituminous mix specimens of thickness 63.5 mm approximately.
Take 1200 gm of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler material (as per grading requirement given in table) to produce the desired thickness.
The aggregates are heated to a temperature of 175° to 190°C the compaction mould assembly and rammer are cleaned and kept pre-heated to a temperature of 100°C to 145°C.
The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121°C to 138°C and the required amount of first trial of bitumen is added to the heated aggregate and thoroughly mixed using a mechanical mixer or by hand mixing with trowel.
The mixing temperature for 110 grade bitumen may be around 154°C and that for60/70 grade about 160°C.
The total quantity of mix is placed in a mould and compacted by rammer with 75 blows. Invert the sample, and compact the other face with the same number of blows.
The compacting temperature should be about 138°C for 80/100 grade bitumen and 149°C for 60/70 grade.
After compaction, invert the mould. With the collar of the bottom, remove the base and extract the sample by pushing it out the extractor.
The compacted specimen should have a thickness of 63.5 mm.
Allow the sample to stand for a few hours to cool.
Obtain the sample’s mass in air and submerged, to measure density of specimen, so as to allow, calculation of the voids properties.
NOTES:
At least 2 specimens (but preferably 3 or 4 specimen) for each combination of aggregate and bitumen should be prepared.
For surface course with 12 mm aggregate, the expected optimum bitumen content may be about 6.5 %. Therefore specimen should be made at 5.5 %, 6.0%, 6.5 %, 7.0 % and 7.5 % bitumen content.
TEST PROCEDURE
In conducting the stability test, the specimen are heated at a temperature of 60±10 C (37.8 ± 10C for specimens in which tar has been used in place bitumen), either in a water bath for 30-40 minutes or in an oven for a minimum of 2 hours.
Remove the specimens from the water bath (or oven) and place the lower segment of the breaking head. Then place the upper segment of the breaking head on the specimen and place the complete assembly in position of the Marshall testing machine.
Place the flow meter (dial gauge) over one of the post and adjust into read zero.
Apply a load at a rate of 50 mm per minute until the maximum load reading is obtained.
Record the maximum load in Newton (N). At the same instant obtain the flow as recorded on the flow meter in unit of mm.
The total time between removing the specimen from the bath and completion of the test should not exceed 30 seconds.
RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS
Mass of aggregates in mixing pan = 1200 gm
Mass of bitumen added ………………………………… gm
Bitumen content …………………………………………… %
Heating Temperature Aggregates ………………… 0C Bitumen ……………………. 0C
Mixing ……………………….0C
Compacting temperature ………………………………0C
Number of blows with hammer per face ………Nos
Mass of specimen in air ‘Wm” ………………………. gm
Mass submerged ‘Ww’ ………………………………. gm
Diameter of Specimen …………………………………. cm
Thickness of specimen …………………………………. cm
Volume of specimen ‘Vm’ ………………………………. cm3
NOTE:
The measured stability of a specimen multiplied by the ration for the thickness of specimen is equal to the corrected stability for a 63.5 mm specimen.
Volume-thickness relationship is based on a specimen diameter of 10 cm.
Detailed procedure along with calculations, correction factors etc is attached below.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the strength (Marshall Stability Value) and flexibility (flow value) for the given bitumen mixture.
To determine the density-voids analysis for the given bituminous mixture;
To determine the suitability of bituminous mixture to meet the specified criteria for the surface course.
INTRODUCTION
Bruce Marshall, formerly bituminous engineer with Mississippi State Highway Department, USA formulated Marshall Method for designing bituminous mixes.
This test is done to determine the Marshall stability of bituminous mixture. The principle of this test is that Marshall Stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface at 5 cm per minute. It is the load carrying capacity of the mix at 60 degree and is measured in kg.
The sample needed is From Marshall stability graph, select proportions of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler in such a way, so as to fulfill the required specification. The total weight of the mix should be 1200 gm for one specimen.
CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE
The test procedure is used in designing and evaluating bituminous paving mixes and is widely applied in routine test programmes for the paving jobs. The major features of the Marshall Method of designing mixes are to determine the two important properties ofstrength and flexibility.
Strength is measured in terms of the “Marshall’s Stability” of the mix which is defined as the maximum load carried by a compacted specimen at a standard test temperature of 60 degree. This temperature represents the weakest condition for a bituminous pavement in use.
The flexibility is measured in terms of the “Flow Value” which is measured by the change in diameter of the sample in the direction of lad application between the start of loading and the time of maximum load. In this test an attempt is made to obtainoptimum binder content for the aggregate mix type and traffic intensity.
EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS
The apparatus for the Marshall Stability test consists of the following:
Specimen Mould Assembly comprising mould cylinders 10 cm diameter x 7.5 cm height, base plate and extension collars. They are designed to be interchanged with either end of cylindrical mould. Three mould cylinders are recommended.
Specimen extractor for extracting the compacted specimen from the mould. A suitable bar is required to transfer load from the extension collar to the upper proving ring attachment while extracting the specimen
Compaction Rammers having a flat circular tamping face 4.5kg sliding weight constructed to provide a free fall of 45.7cm. Two compaction rammers are recommended.
Compaction pedestal consisting of a 20 x 20 x 45 cm wooden block capped with a 30
30 x 2.5 cm MS plate to hold the mould assembly in position during compaction. Mould holder is provided consisting of spring tension device designed to hold compaction mould in place on the compaction pedestal.
Breaking head. The Breaking head consist of upper and lower cylindrical segments or test heads having an inside radius curvature of 5 cm. The lower segment is mounted on a base having two perpendicular guide rods which facilitate insertion in the holes of upper test segments. assembly with provision to fix flow meter
Loading Machine motorized, loading machine is provided with a gear system to lift the upward direction. Recalibrated proving ring of 5 tone capacity is fixed on the upper end of the machine, specimen contained in the test head is placed in between the base and the proving ring. The loading jack produces uniform vertical movement of 5 cm/ min. Machine is capable of reversing its movement downward also. This facilitates adequate space for placing test head system. After one specimen has been tested.
Flow Meter. The flow meter consists of guide sieve and a gauge. The activating pin of the gauge slides inside the guide sleeve with a slide amount f fractional resistance. Least count of 0.025mm is adequate. The flow value refer top the total vertical upward movement form the initial position at zero load to value at maximum load. The dial; gauge at the flow meter should be able to measure accurately the total vertical movement upward.
In addition to the above the following general equipments are also required
Oven or hot plates Mixing Apparatus
Water Bath
Thermometer of range up to 2000C with sensitively of 2.5 degree Celsius
Miscellaneous Equipment's are like container, mixing and handling tools etc.
PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
The coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and the filler materials should be proportioned so as to fulfill the requirements of the relevant standards. The required quantity of the mix is taken so as to produce compacted bituminous mix specimens of thickness 63.5 mm approximately.
Take 1200 gm of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler material (as per grading requirement given in table) to produce the desired thickness.
The aggregates are heated to a temperature of 175° to 190°C the compaction mould assembly and rammer are cleaned and kept pre-heated to a temperature of 100°C to 145°C.
The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121°C to 138°C and the required amount of first trial of bitumen is added to the heated aggregate and thoroughly mixed using a mechanical mixer or by hand mixing with trowel.
The mixing temperature for 110 grade bitumen may be around 154°C and that for60/70 grade about 160°C.
The total quantity of mix is placed in a mould and compacted by rammer with 75 blows. Invert the sample, and compact the other face with the same number of blows.
The compacting temperature should be about 138°C for 80/100 grade bitumen and 149°C for 60/70 grade.
After compaction, invert the mould. With the collar of the bottom, remove the base and extract the sample by pushing it out the extractor.
The compacted specimen should have a thickness of 63.5 mm.
Allow the sample to stand for a few hours to cool.
Obtain the sample’s mass in air and submerged, to measure density of specimen, so as to allow, calculation of the voids properties.
NOTES:
At least 2 specimens (but preferably 3 or 4 specimen) for each combination of aggregate and bitumen should be prepared.
For surface course with 12 mm aggregate, the expected optimum bitumen content may be about 6.5 %. Therefore specimen should be made at 5.5 %, 6.0%, 6.5 %, 7.0 % and 7.5 % bitumen content.
TEST PROCEDURE
In conducting the stability test, the specimen are heated at a temperature of 60±10 C (37.8 ± 10C for specimens in which tar has been used in place bitumen), either in a water bath for 30-40 minutes or in an oven for a minimum of 2 hours.
Remove the specimens from the water bath (or oven) and place the lower segment of the breaking head. Then place the upper segment of the breaking head on the specimen and place the complete assembly in position of the Marshall testing machine.
Place the flow meter (dial gauge) over one of the post and adjust into read zero.
Apply a load at a rate of 50 mm per minute until the maximum load reading is obtained.
Record the maximum load in Newton (N). At the same instant obtain the flow as recorded on the flow meter in unit of mm.
The total time between removing the specimen from the bath and completion of the test should not exceed 30 seconds.
RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS
Mass of aggregates in mixing pan = 1200 gm
Mass of bitumen added ………………………………… gm
Bitumen content …………………………………………… %
Heating Temperature Aggregates ………………… 0C Bitumen ……………………. 0C
Mixing ……………………….0C
Compacting temperature ………………………………0C
Number of blows with hammer per face ………Nos
Mass of specimen in air ‘Wm” ………………………. gm
Mass submerged ‘Ww’ ………………………………. gm
Diameter of Specimen …………………………………. cm
Thickness of specimen …………………………………. cm
Volume of specimen ‘Vm’ ………………………………. cm3
NOTE:
The measured stability of a specimen multiplied by the ration for the thickness of specimen is equal to the corrected stability for a 63.5 mm specimen.
Volume-thickness relationship is based on a specimen diameter of 10 cm.
Detailed procedure along with calculations, correction factors etc is attached below.
Implemented Marshall mix design procedures in the early 1960s. The Marshall method was generally based on ASTM D1559 (Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus). ASTM Dl559 specifies the use of 4-in.-diameter specimen mold for mixes containing aggregate up to 1-in. Maximum size. Jun 27, 2019 ASTM D1559 MARSHALL PDF - voids analysis and stability – flow test. Strength is measured in terms of the ' Marshall's Stability' of the mix following the specification ASTM D.
Chapter 4 Marshall Mix Design and Analysis School of Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology 49 specified in the ASTM standard (ASTM D1559). For the present work, the bituminous mix is designed using the Marshall Method and arrived at the volumetric properties. 4.2 MARSHALL. 135 0C using Marshall apparatus specified by ASTM D1559. Two hundred samples for all percentages of shredded plastic were fabricated. For each percentage of plastic, five specimens were used for Marshall Stability at 60 0 C for 35 min water immersion. 40 specimens were prepared to determine the tensile strength values.
voids analysis and stability – flow test. Strength is measured in terms of the ‘ Marshall’s Stability’ of the mix following the specification ASTM D (), which. To design the Asphalt concrete mix using Marshall method. . Max. Min. Max. Marshall specimens. The last sovereign cheat engine. (ASTM D ). No. of comp. Blows, each end of specimen. (ASTM – D – & MS-2) The original Marshall method is applicable only to hot-mix asphalt paving mixtures containing aggregates with.
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The 50kN capacity and fully variable speed of 0. The load jack, DC motor and controls are housed in an ergonomic cabinet. Prior to the test, the operator can impose travel limits for automatically ending the test.
Automatic Marshall Stability Test Machine
No external transducer is required for displacement measurement. The firmware allows performance of transducer calibrations and setting of up to 10 test marshzll, saving data onboard. A real-time test graph and transducer data are displayed on the touchscreen.
Satm machine has built-in data acquisition with four channels dedicated to two strain gauge load cells and two potentiometric linear transducers; one of each can be used during the test. An important feature is provided by the processing unit that controls the speed in a closed-loop modeavoiding speed calibrations and tension fluctuation mxrshall.
The front panel is fitted with an emergency button for prompt stopping of the machine. All the accessories have to be ordered separately. Maintenance Spares Technical trainings Warranty Academy.
Playstation 1 cover template. Home Products Search results Results for: General lab – Water baths: The water baths are available in three different dimensions: Digital thermoregulator and temperature display, internal and external outer case Marshall compression tester A bench matshall compression frame with motor and worm gear housed within the base unit.
A limit switch is provided for the bottom limit of travel. The machine is supplied complete with load ring, 30 kN cap.
Astm D1559 Marshall Stability Test Pdf
General lab marsnall PC softwares: The EN covering the Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous mixtures, prescribe a water The machine is fit with a precision strain gauge load cell and displacement transducer, both connected to the Digimax The main advantage of this machine is its high flexibility as a general purpose testing system, ensured by its generous dimensions which allow the placement of an CBR tests on soils; Marshall tests on asphalt; uniaxial and unconfined tests on soils and rocks; compression tests on low stregth concrete, cement and groundcement Universal load frames accessories for soil, asphalt, concrete, cement, mortar and rock testings.
Each test requires a list of accessories depending on the type of test and on the reference standard. View odering information to select the list of accessories suitable for each The 50 kN capacity and the fully variable test speed of 0. The load jack, DC motor and controls are housed in a specially magshall base cabinet.
Furthermore, the test stroke can be set at the beginning of the test with automatic stop, avoiding to overload the machine and the specimen, thus assuring the operator safety. This important feature also permit to perform the speed calibration of the machine by micrometric manual adjustment by the operator.
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The display also show the travel direction of lower platen.
The front panel is also fitted with an emergency button and two operating led: Soil – CBR loading presses: Marshall compaction moulds All moulds are made from steel, protected against corrosion. The three parts of the compaction moulds can be purchased individually. All parts can be ordered individually. All moving parts are protected with safety guard, which stop automatically the compactor when opened and the control panel is fit with an emergency stop red The water baths are available in two versions: Digital thermoregulator and temperature display, internal and external outer case in stainless steel.
ASTM D, Test equipment Controls
Astm D1559 Marshall Pdf Online
Complete with perforated base shelf and cover. Circulating water bath with cooler unit for Marshall. General lab – Ovens and hot plates: Laboratory ovens Especially designed for soil, aggregates and asphalt testing, these advanced models feature all stainless steel internal and external lining, with 60 mm thick insulation, fast heat up,easy to read digital control and forced convection airflow d15599 uniform temperature throughout the oven chamber. Follow us YouTube LinkedIn.
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